Moscow region mines. How we searched for gold in Zelenograd

Not only legends, but also historical facts claim that in the old days gold mining was quite active in the Moscow region: maps of deposits, preserved since then in various versions, still attract the darlings of fortune and gambling adventurers.

The gold rush at different times alternately covered the vast expanses of Russia. Gold panning began in a variety of regions, and often such enterprises achieved very significant success. And this is not surprising, because the Russian subsoil contains almost the entire periodic table, including precious metals. From time immemorial, miners in Rus' washed gold, which was more than enough for jewelry for the royal families, for precious church utensils and frames for icons, for minting coins and even for trade with close and distant neighbors.

Today, there are several hundred large and small deposits of this noble metal in the country. The Krasnoyarsk Territory, Chukotka, Yakutia and the Magadan Region have held the championship in its production for many years.

Statistics do not mention information about the mining of precious metals in the central part of the country, and therefore not every resident of the areas adjacent to the capital knows that gold mining is possible in the Moscow region. To this day, enterprises that actively mined placer gold in Soviet times have been preserved in mothballed form, producing up to 4 tons of precious metal per year.

Many of the deposits near Moscow are highly profitable from the point of view of gold mining, since they contain over 17 milligrams of gold per ton of processed rock. For comparison, we can say that in world practice a deposit is considered promising if its gold reserves are 10 milligrams per ton of rock.

Where to look for precious deposits

From ancient times to the present day, gold can most often be found in the rivers of the Moscow region. If you believe the surviving maps, which indicate the most promising places for prospectors, the bulk of them are in the northern part of the Moscow region.

For example, in the area of ​​​​the village of Iksha, a network of small rivers originating at the tops of the Klinsko-Dmitrovskaya ridge erode layers of glaciers with their flow. In the thickness of these ice masses formed over centuries, a lot of precious metal has accumulated, which enriches the river sand.

And today one of these small rivers in the Iksha region tirelessly delights fans of the gold rush with the alluring shine of precious grains. The old-timers of these places tell the miners a legend according to which one of the rivers once turned into a real golden stream, from which miners washed not fine gold sand, but relatively large precious nuggets.

Legends are legends, but small grains of yellow metal, which are called “signs” in the language of prospectors, are found in rivers near Iksha in our time.

Where does the gold come from?

As the science of geology teaches, gold deposits are associated with so-called intrusive rocks. These are, as a rule, granites with quartz veins. They are formed as a result of complex geological phenomena. Therefore, the precious metal is found in foothills or mountainous areas, from where it is washed out by stormy rivers and deposited on shallows and bends in the riverbed.

There are no mountains in the Moscow region, but during the Great Glaciation in the direction of the city of Dmitrov, the glacier moved rocks from the northeast. People have long found grains of gold in the rivers flowing from the Klinsko-Dmitrovskaya Upland. These are the rivers Yakhroma, Sestra, Volgusha and many others, small and unknown. In the sediments of the Ikshanka River at the end of the 19th – beginning of the 20th centuries. found gold particles (0.1–0.25 g/t) in the form of small grains.

Cartography to help

Persistent rumors that there is gold in the Moscow region and that it is not so difficult to find it received unexpected confirmation from cartographers. Not long ago, a modern map of attractions located in the Moscow region was published. The attentive eyes of fortune hunters saw on it the symbol Au between two villages of the Dmitrov region.

One of them is Protasovo, and the second is Ignatovo. Any high school student knows that a similar sign denotes an element of the periodic table, which has atomic number 79 and is a noble metal, or, more simply, gold.

For gold mining in the Moscow region, a map indicating deposits where there is at least any significant amount of gold sand is simply necessary for the prospector. It helps to weed out rumors and legends that have no basis, and direct your energy to finding truly promising places for mining the precious metal.

Secrets of mastery

Since gold is heavier than sand, it always settles to the bottom of the sand mixture. The main task of the miner is to wash the soil sample in such a way as not to inadvertently wash away the gold. After thorough washing of the sand, a dark-colored concentrate is formed, containing fragments of heavy minerals, among which gold grains are hidden. To examine the concentrate carefully in a quiet environment, you can pour it into a jar or a special bag and seal it tightly.

This material can be adjusted to the required result at home using a regular garbage scoop. First you need to go over its inner surface with sandpaper to get rid of the gloss and make the scoop less smooth.

Experienced miners warn beginners not to let the concentrate dry out. Because dried grains of gold will become buoyant and can be washed away with water during the first washing of the concentrate.

The prospector's pan also has its own secret. It must be made from a single piece of wood. And not every tree is suitable for this purpose. The highest quality trays are made from linden and cedar. Experts tried to make a tray from modern materials: fiberglass or plastic. But such products could not compete with the traditional wooden tray. Only wood allows the tray to float and has a surface rough enough to trap the gold grains.

To separate gold from dry rock, miners use a magnet because the minerals that accompany the gold contain a lot of iron. But there is a secret here too. Before using the magnet, it must be placed in a plastic bag or plastic container. In this case, adhering particles of ferruginous quartzites or garnets can be easily separated from the magnet by removing the bag. If you do not follow this advice, it can be very difficult to separate particles stuck to the magnet.

In some cases, the catch can only be detected using a microscope. Seeing the signs, as experts call small grains of gold, can be difficult without the help of equipment.

The “Gold Rush” continues to haunt adventure lovers to this day. Many people dream of becoming the proud owner of a gold nugget, but not everyone knows where to look for a suitable deposit. And, of course, for many it will be a surprise to learn that gold can be mined in the Moscow region, using sand pits or river beds for this purpose.

To become a prospector you do not need to purchase expensive equipment. A shovel and tray will help you take soil samples and wash the sand. And the direction of the search will be suggested by maps on which deposits of the precious metal are marked with the sign Au. But not only maps can become guides for modern gold miners. When setting out on a journey, you should study local legends and tales. Often they indicate traditionally gold-rich places.

A little history

Gold from the Moscow region has been mentioned in historical references since the beginning of the 19th century. The soldiers of Napoleon's army, having occupied Moscow, first of all began to inquire from the local residents where the extraordinary “golden” river was located, in which, instead of fish, gold nuggets await their catchers.

After the expulsion of Napoleon and the end of hostilities, envoys from the Russian imperial court came to Moscow. The purpose of their visit to Moscow was the same as that of the French: to learn about large gold deposits near Moscow. However, the residents of the Moscow province did not reveal their secret, and the royal envoys returned to the court with nothing.

Another outbreak of the “gold rush” occurred in the lands near Moscow before the October Revolution. The reason for it was an incident that helped a peasant from the Dmitrov region find two rather large nuggets on the banks of a small nameless river. The lucky plowman resold the find to a capital merchant. Soon after this, “top secret” maps with the designation of a gold-bearing place began to circulate around Moscow.

In response, many Moscow residents succumbed to the excitement and decided to try their luck with a prospecting tray in their hands. Even the famous master of reporting, Vladimir Gilyarovsky, succumbed to the general excitement, and went along with everyone else to catch their luck. Moscow guidebooks responded to the increased demand and began to publish data that there really are gold deposits near the village of Iksha, and they can be found in:

• gold placers;
• alluvial boulders of glacial origin.

The baton of general excitement was picked up by local newspapers, which began publishing articles with tempting, action-inducing headlines:

• "Klondike near Moscow";
• "Russian California";
• "Golden River"

The successful entrepreneur Ponomarev was not at a loss at the right moment. In the wake of popular interest, he created a joint-stock company with the goal of organizing gold mining on an industrial scale. Very respectable people of that time became members of the society. However, their hopes for quick enrichment were not realized.

The gold rush died out as suddenly as it started. And the reason for this was not at all the absence of the sought-after gold in the rivers near Moscow.

Industrialists did not have the technology to make metal mining economically interesting. At that time it simply did not exist.

Golden river beds

Employees of the Central Scientific Research Geological Prospecting Institute of Non-Ferrous and Precious Metals (TSNIGRI) told Rossiyskaya Gazeta journalists that not only the rivers near Iksha are of interest to prospectors. There is also noble metal in the beds of the Sestra and Volgusha rivers near Moscow.

To prove their words, they organized a real mining expedition for the workers of the pen, leading them to the shores of the Sister. Journalists had to pick up trays and get down to work. Their efforts were not in vain. After several hours of hard work, they lathered 5 milligrams of pure golden sand.

If you look at this catch through a microscope, it looks very impressive. All grains of sand have a smooth, water-polished surface and a bright, inviting shine. Unfortunately, it was difficult to see the microscopic nuggets with the naked eye. But the fact that a certain number of gold signs were found in a short time suggests that this metal still exists in the rivers of the Moscow region.

And not only the northern region of the region can boast of the presence of gold. There is evidence that in the mid-70s, one of the students of the Moscow Geological Prospecting Institute managed to wash gold grains in streams in the Podolsk region. To prove the veracity of his words, he willingly showed off his booty to his classmates.

And the impossible is possible

Experts say that gold deposits should be sought in layers of igneous rocks, which include granites and quartz, or in the vicinity of metamorphic rocks transformed under the influence of high pressures and significant temperatures.

Gold from the Moscow region is an exception to the rule. The fact is that the territory of the Moscow region mostly consists of sedimentary rocks. How, in this case, can one explain the presence of gold in the Moscow region?

Scientists have found compelling reasons to explain this phenomenon. According to the presented hypothesis, the reason for the appearance of gold in the Moscow region was a giant glacier, which several thousand years ago slid from the Scandinavian mountains to the Central Russian Upland. During its journey, it accumulated boulders, stones and fragments of various rocks in the ice layer.

As centuries passed, the climate changed and the glacial tongue began to gradually melt. In the places where the rapids formed, a natural enrichment process began to occur, as a result of which heavier minerals settled to the bottom of the glacier, thereby forming mineral deposits. Gold did not escape this fate either.

Friday, December 6, 2013

Golden fever. Gold mining in the Moscow region or how to do it?

The elevation difference is almost 100 meters over a 2.5 kilometer section. Initially, logs and streams should be examined. Based on the results of the examination, make a decision. The density of gold is 19 times greater than the density of water. Water is unable to lift grains of metal from the bottom. The grains crawl along the bottom only with a strong flow of water and at the same time cling to any places where the riverbed bends. The density of sand is only 1.5-2.0 higher than the density of water and water easily carries grains of sand in its mass. From this we conclude that there is no point in looking for metal in sand. Heavy grains will lie under a layer of sand on hard ground and in its mass.

2) subsoil areas used for the construction and operation of underground structures of local and regional importance not related to mining

The procedure for preparing, reviewing, approving lists of subsoil plots of local importance or refusing to approve these lists is established by the federal body managing the state subsoil fund.

The preparation and approval of lists of subsoil plots of local significance in relation to the subsoil plots of local significance specified in paragraph 1 of part one of this article are carried out by executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in agreement with the federal body managing the state subsoil fund or its territorial bodies.

of the first of this article, subsoil plots of local significance are carried out by executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation upon agreement

of the first of this article, subsoil plots of local significance are carried out by executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation upon agreement

Part one of this article of subsoil plots of local significance is carried out by executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation

Article 4. Powers of state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the sphere of regulation of subsoil use relations

Why mine in the Moscow region?

Despite the fact that gold has been mined in places near Moscow for a long time, its reserves are assessed by experts as insignificant from the point of view of industrial interest. In this case, who is developing these unpromising deposits and why? Scientists know the answer to this question too.

Gold from the Moscow region is of interest because it is of the alluvial type, which makes it possible to organize a fairly easy process of its extraction. According to experts, there will only be enough such placer gold in Russia for the next decades.

The reserves of gold that lie along with the bedrock can be mined for more than a century. The problem is that the development of primary deposits requires significant financial investments from gold miners to create:

• complex and expensive infrastructure, including the development of mines and quarries, as well as the construction of processing plants;
• transport and logistics network designed to serve the enterprise, since most of them are located away from housing.

Placer gold from loose rocks or alluvial deposits that form on river banks cannot boast of significant reserves, but in terms of extraction it is much cheaper for miners. There is one more factor that allows gold deposits near Moscow to become profitable.

In the central regions of the country, including the Moscow region, the main reserves of gold are contained in sand, which is actively used in the construction industry. Taking this factor into account, experts offered gold miners a technology that allows for the accompanying extraction of metal. This method makes gold mining economically interesting.

How to wash by hand

To wash goldfish with your own hands using an ordinary tray, you need a round or rectangular trough up to 40 centimeters in size and a sieve. If, after washing, at least one grain remains in the sieve, the miner can be congratulated: the placer has been found. If not, you need to try further. Of course, such washing requires enormous patience.

The principle of operation of the mini-dredge is the suction of sand and small particles of pebbles from the bottom with mechanical separation of gold from the rock. The disadvantage of using this device is that it creates a lot of noise, attracting the attention of conservationists. To mine precious metals in this way, I strongly advise you to first purchase a license, otherwise you will face problems with the law.

Private mining

The low profitability of gold mining does not frighten residents of the Moscow region, who in the summer turn into numerous private miners, happily spending time on the banks of large and small rivers.

For their purposes, they use simple, but time-tested and reliable mining technology. Most prospectors only need a few items to get started:

• tray;
• shovel;
• bucket;
• scoop.

The main difficulty is the main question: where to dig? Some miners dig through river sediments, while others go to quarries where sand and gravel are extracted. Once the location has been determined, you can begin to work.

Here another difficulty awaits the lover of precious metals. The prospector will have to patiently and carefully carry out the same constantly repeated movements for a long time. In general, the proverb applies to prospectors like no other profession: “Persistence and work will grind everything down.”