Natural stone is a hard type of rock of natural origin or a mineral of the same type, excluding metals and sand. This stone is one of the oldest materials used by mankind for the construction of bridges, houses and facade cladding. Thanks to its shapes and natural beauty, this material will be an excellent decoration for any home, temple, palace or estate.
In more modern construction, natural stone is most often used as a facing material, both for external and internal cladding. In this industry, it has found its popularity due to the large selection of colors, patterns and designs, the combination of which can be selected for almost every type of home or premises.
The main properties of natural stone include: excellent wear resistance, high resistance to frost and moisture.
comparison table
| Dolomite | Shungite | Lemesit | Sandstone | Porphyrite | |
| Density | 2400 – 2650 kg/m3 | 2250 – 2840 kg/m3 | 2630 – 2750 kg/m3 | 2340 – 2530 kg/m3 | 2400 – 2520 kg/m3 |
| Dry compressive strength | 104.7/103.0 MPa (strong) | 150 MPa (durable) | 94 MPa (strong) | 105 MPa (strong) | 340 MPa (durable) |
| Density limit under compression in a water-saturated state | 102.5/101.4 MPa (strong) | 100 MPa (durable) | 83 MPa (strong) | 80 MPa (durable) | 120 MPa (durable) |
| Water absorption | 0,0748 % | 0,4 — 0,5 % | 0,07 — 0,95 % | 0,69 — 2,7 % | 0,5 — 0,75 % |
| Porosity | 1,70 % | 0,5 — 5 % | 1,70 % | 0,69 — 6,7 % | 1,43 — 2,17 % |
| Thermal conductivity | 3.2 W/m 2oK | 3.8 - 5 W/m 2oK | ~3 W/m 2oK | 1.8 W/m 2oK | 4 - 6 W/m2oK |
| Abrasion | 0.45 g/cm2 | 0,5 — 1,1 | 1.62 g/cm2 | 0.6 - 1.2 g/cm2 | 1.1 g/cm2 |
| Radiation parameter (A eff ERN) | 73.7 Bq/kg (class 1) | 190 Bq/kg (1 class) | 40-52 Bq/kg (class 1) | 138 Bq/kg (class 1) | 57 Bq/kg (class 1) |
Bulk density of materials
Table.
Density of substances, products, liquids and gases at atmospheric pressure. State of matter. Table. Density of substances, products, liquids and gases at atmospheric pressure. State of matter. English names.
| Substance/product | State | Temperature oC | Density kg/m3 | Bulk density; kg/m3 |
| Agate | Solid | 20 | 2600 | — |
| Nitrogen | Gas | 20 | 1,25 | — |
| Liquefied nitrogen | Liquid | -195 | 850 | — |
| Nitrous oxide N2O | Gas | 0 | 1,98 | — |
| Nitrogen oxide NO | Gas | 0 | 1,3402 | — |
| Nitrogen fluoroxide NO2F | Gas | 0 | 2,9 | — |
| Nitrogen oxychloride NO2Cl | Gas | 0 | 2,57 | — |
| Nitric acid, HNO3 aqueous solution 91%, nitric acid 91% | Liquid | 1505 | — | |
| Actinium Ac | Solid | 0 | 10070 | — |
| Alabaster | Solid | 20 | — | 1800-2500 |
| Diamond | Very hard but brittle | 20 | 3510 | — |
| Aluminum bronze (3-10% Al) | Solid | 0 | 7700 — 8700 | — |
| Aluminum foil | Solid | 0 | 2700 -2750 | — |
| Aluminum | Solid | 20 | 2700 | — |
| Lump aluminum | Solid | 20 | — | 880 |
| Aluminum powder | Solid | 20 | — | 750 |
| Aluminum fluoride (cryolite), cryolite | Solid | 20 | — | 1600 |
| Aluminum oxide Al2O3 (clean dry) | Solid | 20 | — | 1520 |
| Americium pure Americium Am | Solid | 0 | 13670 | — |
| Ammonia | Gas | 0 | 0,77 | — |
| Ammonium nitrate (ammonium nitrate) dry | Solid | 0 | — | 730 |
| Ammonium sulfate; ammonium sulfate (wet) | Solid | 0 | — | 1290 |
| Ammonium sulfate; ammonium sulfate (dry) Ammonium Sulphate | Solid | 0 | — | 1130 |
| Andesite solid Andesite | Solid | 0 | 2770 | — |
| Aniline, aniline | Liquid | 25 | 1020 | — |
| Apatite | Solid | 20 | 3190 | 1850 |
| Unshelled peanuts (groundnuts), not shelled peanuts | Solid | 0 | — | 270 |
| Peanuts, shelled peanuts | Solid | 0 | — | 650 |
| Argon | Gas | 0 | 1,78 | — |
| Asbestos in pieces | Solid | 0 | — | 1600 |
| Solid asbestos | Solid | 20 | 2350-2600 | — |
| Asphalt concrete | Solid | 0 | 2250 | — |
| Asphalt crumbs | Solid | 0 | — | 720 |
| Acetylene C2H2 | Gas | 0 | 1,17 | — |
| Acetone | Liquid | 20 | 780-791 | — |
| Acetonitrile, Acetonitrile | Liquid | 20 | 780 | — |
| Babbitt Babbitt | Solid | 0 | 7270 | — |
| Crushed basalt, Basalt | Solid | 0 | — | 1950 |
| Solid basalt, Basalt | Solid | 0 | 3000 | — |
| Solid Bakelite Bakelite | Solid | 0 | 1360 | — |
| Barium pure | Solid | 0 | 3590 | — |
| Baryllium copper alloy, beryllium bronze, beryllium copper | Solid | 0 | 8100 — 8250 | — |
| Barium sulfate (barite), crushed Barite | Solid | 0 | — | 2880 |
| Petrol | Liquid | 20 | 730 | — |
| Benzene, benzene | Liquid | 25 | 875 | — |
| Beryllium pure | Solid | 0 | 1850 | — |
| Berkelium pure Berkelium Bk | Solid | 0 | 14780 | — |
| Concrete | Solid | 20 | 2300-2400 | — |
| Dry concrete, Bentonite | Solid | 0 | — | 600 |
| cocoa beans | Solid | 0 | — | 600 |
| Castor beans Beans | Solid | 0 | — | 580 |
| Soy beans | Solid | 0 | — | 720 |
| Crushed bauxite, Bauxite | Solid | 0 | — | 1280 |
| Boron fluoride BF3 | Gas | 0 | 2,99 | — |
| Boron pure | Solid | 0 | 2340 | — |
| Bromine pure | Liquid | 0 | 3120 | — |
| Bronze | Solid | 20 | 8700-8900 | — |
| Lead bronze, bronze - lead | Solid | 0 | 7700 — 8700 | — |
| Phosphorous bronze, bronze – phosphorous | Solid | 0 | 8780 — 8920 | — |
| Plain paper, standard paper | Solid | 0 | 1201 | — |
| Borax (sodium pyroborate), Borax | Solid | 0 | — | 850 |
| Liquid clay drilling fluid | 1730 | — | ||
| Butane (i-Butane) C4H10 | Gas | 0 | 2,67 | — |
| Butane (n-Butane) C4H10 | Gas | 0 | 2,7 | — |
| Household waste, household rubbish, garbage, household rubbish | Solid | 0 | — | 480 |
| Vanadium pure | Solid | 20 | 6020 | — |
| Viniplast | Solid | 20 | 1380 | — |
| Pure bismuth Bismuth Bi | Solid | 0 | 9750 | — |
| Sea water | Liquid | 20 | 1010-1060 | — |
| Fresh water (Ice - see below) | Liquid | 20 | 1000 | — |
| Hydrogen | Gas | 20 | 0,09 | — |
| Liquefied hydrogen | Liquid | -240 | 72 | — |
| Hydrogen bromide HBr | Gas | 0 | 3,66 | — |
| Hydrogen iodide Hl | Gas | 0 | 5,79 | — |
| Arsenic hydrogen H3As | Gas | 0 | 3,48 | — |
| Hydrogen selenide H2Se | Gas | 0 | 3,66 | — |
| Hydrogen sulfide H2S | Gas | 0 | 1,54 | — |
| Hydrogen telluride H2Te | Gas | 0 | 5,81 | — |
| Hydrogen phosphorous H3P | Gas | 0 | 1,53 | — |
| Hydrogen chloride HCl | Gas | 0 | 1,64 | — |
| Air | Gas | 20 | 1,29 | — |
| Liquefied air | Liquid | -195 | 861 | — |
| Tungsten | Solid | 20 | 19340 | — |
| Tungsten pure Tungsten W | Solid | 0 | 19350 | — |
| Gadolinium pure Gadolinium Gd | Solid | 0 | 7895 | — |
| Gallium pure | Solid | 0 | 5900 | — |
| Pure hafnium Hafnium Hf | Solid | 0 | 13310 | — |
| Helium He | Gas | 20 | 0,18 | — |
| Liquefied helium | Liquid | -273 | 147 | — |
| Hematite (red iron ore) crushed, iron ore - crushed | Solid | 0 | — | 2100-2900 |
| Hematite (red iron ore) whole, hematite (iron ore) | Solid | 0 | 5095 — 5205 | — |
| Germanium pure | Solid | 20 | 5300 | — |
| Germany tetrahydride GeH4 | Gas | 0 | 3,42 | — |
| Crushed gypsum | Solid | 0 | — | 1600 |
| Gypsum in pieces, broken gypsum | Solid | 0 | — | 1290-1600 |
| Gypsum powder, pulverized gypsum | Solid | 0 | — | 1120 |
| Solid gypsum | Solid | 0 | 2787 | — |
| Fulling clay (floridin), Fullers raw earth | Solid | 0 | — | 670 |
| Wet clay, taken out with a shovel, wet lump clay | Solid | 0 | — | 1600 |
| Wet clay, taken out by an excavator, wet excavated clay | Solid | 0 | — | 1820 |
| Fireproof clay Chamotte | Solid | 20 | 1600-1900 | — |
| Dry compacted clay | Solid | 0 | — | 1750 |
| Dry clay, taken out with a shovel, dry lump clay | Solid | 0 | — | 1070 |
| Dry clay taken out by an excavator dry excavated clay | Solid | 0 | — | 1090 |
| Alumina dry | Solid | 0 | — | 960 |
| Glycerol C3H8O3 | Liquid | 20 | 1260 | — |
| Gneiss (layered granite) in pieces, broken gneiss | Solid | 0 | — | 1860 |
| Gneiss (layered granite) solid, bed in place gneiss | Solid | 0 | 2870 | — |
| Holmium pure Holmium Ho | Solid | 0 | 8800 | — |
| Dry gravel | Bulk solid | 20 | — | 1500-1700 |
| Granite | Solid | 20 | — | 2700 |
| Lump granite, broken granite | Solid | 0 | — | 1650 |
| Solid granite, solid granite | Solid | 0 | 2700 | — |
| Flake graphite, flake graphite | Solid | 0 | — | 650 |
| Solid graphite, solid carbon | Solid | 0 | 2150 | — |
| Graphite powder, powdered carbon | Solid | 0 | — | 80 |
| Dry walnuts, dry black walnut | Solid | 0 | — | 610 |
| Buckwheat, buckwheat, Buckwheat | Solid | 0 | — | 660 |
| Tar, Tar | Liquid. Neither this nor that. | 0 | 1150 | — |
| Bicarbonate of soda | Solid | 0 | — | 690 |
| Tar, pitch | Liquid. Neither this nor that. | 0 | 1150 | — |
| Delta metal, delta metal | Solid | 0 | 8600 | — |
| Dry tree, afrosia | Solid | 20 | 705 | — |
| Dry wood, bamboo | Solid | 20 | 300-400 | — |
| Dry wood, birch | Solid | 20 | 650-670 | — |
| Dry tree, elm | Solid | 20 | 600-690 | — |
| Dry wood, oak | Solid | 20 | 700 | — |
| Dry wood, spruce | Solid | 20 | 450 | — |
| Dry wood, ironwood (backout) | Solid | 20 | 1300 | — |
| Dry tree, willow | Solid | 20 | 420 | — |
| Dry wood, cypress | Solid | 20 | 510 | — |
| Dry wood, maple | Solid | 20 | 755 | — |
| Dry wood, larch | Solid | 20 | 590 | — |
| Dry wood, pecan, pecan wood | 750 | — | ||
| Dry wood, aspen | Solid | 20 | 420 | — |
| Dry tree, fir | Solid | 20 | 530 | — |
| Dry tree, sycamore | Solid | 20 | 590 | — |
| Dry wood, pine | Solid | 20 | 500 | — |
| Dry wood, pine (white) | Solid | 20 | 500 | — |
| The tree is dry, chlorophore is high | Solid | 20 | 655 | — |
| Dry wood, ash | Solid | 20 | 540-670 | — |
| Dry wood, beech | Solid | 20 | 750 | — |
| Dry wood, oak | Solid | 20 | 700-930 | — |
| Dry wood, cedar | Solid | 20 | 550 | — |
| Dry wood, mahogany (mahogany) | Solid | 20 | 500-800 | — |
| Dry wood, cork (balsa = balsa) | Solid | 20 | 150-250 | — |
| Dry tree, boxwood | Solid | 20 | 1000 | — |
| Dry wood, teak | Solid | 20 | 850 | — |
| Dry wood, ebony (ebony) | Solid | 20 | 960-1150 | — |
| Dry tree, apple tree | Solid | 20 | 660 — 830 | — |
| Wood, cork, crushed | Solid | 0 | — | 160 |
| Turf, Turf | Solid | 20 | — | 400 |
| Diesel fuel oil | Liquid | 15 | 820 — 950 | — |
| Dimethylamine (CH3)2NH | Gas | 20 | 1,97 | — |
| Dysprosium pure Dysprosium Dy | Solid | 0 | 8550 | — |
| Difluorodichloromethane CF2Cl2 | Gas | 0 | 5,51 | — |
| Dicyane C2N2 | Gas | 20 | 2,34 | — |
| Solid dolomite | Solid | 0 | 2900 | — |
| Lumpy dolomite | Solid | 0 | — | 1520 |
| Dolomite flour, pulverized dolomite | Solid | 0 | — | 740 |
| Dry tree bark, wood bark | Solid | 0 | — | 240 |
| Dry wood chips | Solid | 0 | — | 240- 520 |
| Small sawdust, sawdust | Solid | 0 | — | 210 |
| Ground tannin bark, ground tan bark | Solid | 0 | — | 880 |
| Duralumin | Solid | 20 | 2790 | — |
| Europium | Solid | 0 | 5240 | — |
| Brown iron ore in pieces, broken limonite | Solid | 0 | — | 2470 |
| Solid brown iron ore, solid limonite | Solid | 0 | 3800 | — |
| Iron | Solid | 20 | 7880 | — |
| Pure iron Iron Fe | Solid | 0 | 7870 | — |
| Reinforced concrete | Solid | 20 | 2500 | — |
| Whale oil | Liquid | 15 | 925 | — |
| Dry cake, Bagasse | Solid | 20 | 120 | — |
| Earth, loam, wet, excavated by an excavator, wet excavated loam | Solid | 20 | — | 1600 |
| Earth, loam, dry, excavated by an excavator, dry excavated loam | Solid | 20 | — | 1250 |
| Earth, loam, damp, excavated, moist excavated loam | Solid | 20 | — | 1450 |
| Corn grain | Solid | 20 | — | 760 |
| Millet grain (millet) – millet grain | Solid | 20 | — | 760- 800 |
| Wheat grain | Solid | 20 | — | 780- 800 |
| Barley grain – barley grain | Solid | 20 | — | 600 |
| Ashes wet | Solid | 0 | — | 730- 890 |
| Dry ash Ashes dry | Solid | 0 | — | 570- 650 |
| Pure gold Gold Au | Solid | 0 | 19320 | — |
| Limestone pieces, broken limestone | Solid | 0 | — | 1550 |
| Limestone powder, pulverized limestone | Solid | 0 | — | 1400 |
| Solid limestone | Solid | 0 | 2600 | — |
| Pure indium Indium In | Solid | 0 | 7310 | — |
| Pure iridium Iridium Ir | Solid | 0 | 22400 | — |
| Ytterbium pure Ytterbium Yb | Solid | 0 | 6900 | — |
| Yttrium pure | Solid | 0 | 4470 | — |
| Iodine pure | Solid | 0 | 4930 | — |
| Cadmium Cadmium Cd | Solid | 0 | 8650 | — |
| Cocoa powder, chocolate powder, cocoa powder | Solid | 0 | — | 650 |
| Potassium carbonate (potash), potash | Solid | 0 | — | 1280 |
| Potassium pure K | Solid | 0 | 860 | — |
| Potassium chloride, potassium chloride | Solid | 0 | — | 2000 |
| Calcium pure Ca | Solid | 0 | 1550 | — |
| Calcium nitrate, Caliche | Solid | 0 | — | 1440 |
| Stone casting. | Solid | 20 | 3000 | — |
| Rosin, Rosin | Solid | 0 | 1070 | — |
| Kaolin.. | Solid | 20 | 2200-2600 | — |
| caproic acid (hexanoic acid; C6H12O2) Caproic acid | Liquid | 25 | 920 | — |
| Calcium carbide | Solid | 0 | — | 1200 |
| Cardboard | Solid | 0 | 690 | — |
| Potatoes, white potatoes | Solid bulk | 20 | — | 660-680 |
| Castor oil | Liquid | 25 | 955 | — |
| Rubber | Solid | 20 | See, respectively, section of the DPVA website | — |
| Crushed quartz, lump quartz | Solid | 0 | — | 1550 |
| Solid quartz, solid quartz | Solid | 20 | 2650 | — |
| Quartz sand | Solid | 0 | — | 1200 |
| Acid-resistant ceramics | Solid bulk | 20 | 2600 | — |
| Kerosene | Liquid | 20 | 800 | — |
| Kerosene, Kerosene | Liquid | 15 | 815 | — |
| Brick | Solid | 20 | 1500-1800 | — |
| Magnesite brick, magnesia brick | Solid | 0 | 2560 | — |
| Fireproof brick Dinas | Solid | 20 | 1900 | — |
| Silicate brick, silica brick | Solid | 0 | 2050 | — |
| Oxygen O2 | Gas | 20 | 1,43 | — |
| Liquefied oxygen | Liquid | -200 | 1150 | — |
| Pure cobalt Cobalt Co | Solid | 0 | 8900 | — |
| Cobalt luster, (cobaltine, cobalt ore), cobaltite (cobolt ore) | Solid | 0 | 6295 | — |
| Dry skin | Solid | 20 | 860 | — |
| Coconut crumbs, shredded coconut | Solid | 0 | — | 350 |
| Coconut flour, meal coconut | Solid | 0 | — | 510 |
| Coke | Solid | 20 | 1300 (!=>) | 500 |
| Sulfur pyrite | Solid | 20 | 5000 (!=>) | 3300 |
| Constantan | Solid | 20 | 8880 | — |
| Copra ground or flour, meal or ground copra | Solid | 0 | — | 640 |
| Medium size copra | Solid | 0 | — | 530 |
| Copra, pressed, crushed cake, expeller cake ground copra | Solid | 0 | — | 510 |
| Copra, pressed cake, in pieces, expeller cake chopped copra | Solid | 0 | — | 465 |
| Corundum | Solid | 20 | 4000 | — |
| Corundum (emery) solid, emery | Solid | 0 | 4005 | — |
| Bone meal, pulverized bones | Solid | 0 | — | 880 |
| Roasted coffee beans | Solid | 0 | — | 430 |
| Fresh coffee beans | Solid | 0 | — | 560 |
| Starch, powdered starch | Solid | 0 | — | 560 |
| Starch glue, powder, powdered vegetable glue | Solid | 0 | — | 640 |
| Silicon | Solid | 20 | 2300 | — |
| Silicon fluoride SiF4 | Gas | 0 | 4,96 | — |
| Silicon hexahydride Si2H6 | Gas | 0 | 2,85 | — |
| Silicon tetrahydride SiH4 | Gas | 0 | 1,44 | — |
| Creosote | Liquid | 15 | 1065 | — |
| Krypton Kr | Gas | 0 | 3,74 | — |
| Xenon Xe | Gas | 0 | 5,89 | — |
| Coarse corn flour | Solid | 0 | — | 670 |
| Corn cobs | Solid | 0 | — | 720 |
| Pure curium Curium Cm | Solid | 0 | 13500 | — |
| Lanthanum pure | Solid | 0 | 6150 | — |
| Rolled brass, brass - rolled and drawn | Solid | 0 | 8430 — 8730 | — |
| Brass | Solid | 20 | 8300-8700 | — |
| Light alloys based on aluminum, light alloy based on Al | Solid | 0 | 2560 — 2800 | — |
| Light alloys based on magnesium, light alloy based on Mg | Solid | 0 | 1760 — 1870 | — |
| Ice | Solid | 0 | 900 | — |
| Crushed ice | Solid | 0 | — | 590 |
| Lithium | Solid | 0 | 530 | — |
| Flaxseed flour, meal linseed | Solid | 0 | — | 510 |
| Flaxseed, flaxseed | Solid | 0 | — | 720 |
| Flaxseed, whole linseed | Solid | 0 | — | 750 |
| Pure lutetium Lutetium Lu | Solid | 0 | 9840 | — |
| Dried chopped alfalfa | Solid | 20 | — | 250 |
| Magnesite | Solid | 20 | 2900 | — |
| Magnesium | Solid | 20 | 1760 | — |
| Magnetic iron ore in pieces, broken magnetite | Solid | 0 | — | 3280 |
| Magnetic iron ore, solid magnetite | Solid | 0 | 5050 | — |
| Magnesium carbonate (magnesium carbonate) solid, Magnesite, solid | Solid | 0 | 3010 | — |
| Malachite, malachite | Solid | 0 | 3750 — 3960 | — |
| Pure manganese Manganese Mn | Solid | 0 | 7430 | — |
| Engine oils, automobile oils | Liquid | 15 | 880 — 940 | — |
| Coconut oil | Liquid | 15 | 925 | — |
| Motor oil (machine) | Liquid | 20 | 910 | — |
| Olive oil | Liquid | 20 | 800 — 920 | — |
| Sunflower oil | Liquid | 20 | 930 | — |
| Sunflower oil | Liquid | 20 | 920 | — |
| Rapeseed oil, Rape seed oil | Liquid | 20 | 920 | — |
| Soya bean oil | Liquid | 15 | 920 — 930 | — |
| butyric acid (butanoic acid; C4H8O2), butyric acid | Liquid | 20 | 960 | — |
| Red copper ore (cuprite), copper ore | Solid | 0 | — | 1940-2590 |
| Copper-nickel-zinc alloy; electrum electrum | Solid | 0 | 8400 — 8900 | — |
| Ground copper sulfate | Solid | 0 | — | 3604 |
| Pure copper Copper Cu | Solid | 0 | 8960 | — |
| Lumpy chalk chalk | Solid | 0 | — | 1440 |
| Solid chalk solid chalk | Solid | 20 | 2200 | — |
| Chalk powder fine chalk | Solid | 20 | — | 1120 |
| Cupronickel, nickel silver | Solid | 20 | 8440 | — |
| Liquid mortar, wet mortar | Liquid, neither this nor that | 0 | 2400 | — |
| Methane CH4 | Gas | 0 | 0,717 | — |
| Liquefied methane, methane | Liquid | -164 | 465 | — |
| Methylamine CH5N | Gas | 0 | 1,39 | — |
| Methyl chloride CH3Cl | Gas | 0 | 2,31 | — |
| Methyl alcohol, alcohol, methyl | Liquid | 25 | 785 | — |
| Methyl ether C2H6O | Gas | 0 | 2,11 | — |
| Methyl fluoride CH3F | Gas | 0 | 1,55 | — |
| Methyl chloride CH3Cl | Gas | 0 | 2,31 | — |
| Molybdenum | Solid | 20 | 10200 | — |
| Pure molybdenum Molybdenum Mo | Solid | 0 | 10220 | — |
| Powdered milk | Solid | 0 | — | 450 |
| Milk | Liquid | 15 | 1020 — 1050 | — |
| Monel | Solid | 0 | 8360 — 8840 | — |
| Lump marble, broken marble | Solid | 0 | — | 1570 |
| Solid marble | Solid | 0 | 2600-2700 | — |
| Gluten flour, meal gluten | Solid | 0 | — | 625 |
| Wheat flour | Solid | 0 | — | 590 |
| Formic acid (methane acid; CH2O2) 10%, formic acid 10% | Liquid | 20 | 1025 | — |
| Formic acid (methane acid; CH2O2) 80%, formic acid 10% | Liquid | 20 | 1220 | — |
| Soap shavings, chips soap | Solid | 0 | — | 160 |
| Soap flakes | Solid | 0 | — | 160 |
| Soapstone (saponite - not related to soap) solid, soapstone | Solid | 0 | 2400 | — |
| powdered soap | Solid | 0 | — | 370 |
| Arsenic | Solid | 0 | 5720 | — |
| Arsenic fluoride AsF5 | Gas | 0 | 7,71 | — |
| Manure, manure | Semi-liquid | 0 | — | 400 |
| Sodium | Solid | 20 | 975 | — |
| Sodium aluminate ground, ground sodium aluminate | Solid | 0 | — | 1150 |
| Sodium carbonate granules (sodium carbonate, soda ash) heavy soda ash | Solid | 0 | — | 1080 |
| Sodium carbonate powder (sodium carbonate, soda ash) light soda ash | Solid | 0 | — | 430 |
| Sodium sulfate (sodium sulfate) crystal, salt cake | Solid | 0 | 1440 | — |
| Quicklime, loose, lump quick lime | Solid | 0 | — | 850 |
| Fine quick lime | Solid | 0 | — | 1200 |
| Neodymium pure Neodymium Nd | Solid | 0 | 7010 | — |
| Neon Ne | Gas | 0 | 0,9 | — |
| Neptunium pure Neptunium Np | Solid | 0 | 20200 | — |
| Nikelin | Solid | 20 | 8770 | — |
| Nickel rolled, rolled nickel | Solid | 0 | 8670 | — |
| Nickel pure Nickel Ni | Solid | 0 | 8900 | — |
| Niobium Niobium Nb | Solid | 0 | 8570 | — |
| Nitrosyl fluoride NOF | Gas | 20 | 2,18 | — |
| Nitrosyl chloride NOCl | Gas | 0 | 2,99 | — |
| Oats | Solid | 0 | — | 432 |
| Oatmeal, rolled oats | Solid | 0 | — | 300 |
| Ozone O3 | Gas | 0 | 2,22 | — |
| Pure tin Tin Sn | Solid | 0 | 7310 | — |
| Tin bronze, tin bronze (8-14% Sn) | Solid | 0 | 7400 — 8900 | — |
| Osmium pure Osmium Os | Solid | 0 | 22600 | — |
| Bran | Solid | 0 | — | 260 |
| Pure palladium Palladium Pd | Solid | 0 | 12020 | — |
| Paraffin | Solid | 20 | 900 | — |
| Paronitis. | Solid | 20 | 1200 | — |
| Baking powder = baking powder | Solid | 0 | — | 720 |
| Pumice stone | Solid | 0 | 641 | — |
| Wet compacted sand (compacted), wet packed sand | Solid | 0 | — | 2080 |
| Wet sand, water filled sand | Solid | 0 | — | 1920 |
| Dry sand, loose sand | Solid | 0 | — | 1440 |
| Dry compacted sand (rammed), rammed sand | Solid | 0 | — | 1680 |
| Dry sand | Solid bulk | 20 | — | 1200-1700 |
| Crushed sandstone, broken sandstone | Solid | 0 | — | 1370-1450 |
| Solid sandstone | Solid | 0 | 2320 | — |
| Wet sand with gravel | Solid | 0 | — | 2020 |
| dry sand with gravel | Solid | 0 | — | 1650 |
| Beer | Liquid | 10 | 1010 | — |
| Whole pyrite (cat's gold, iron pyrite, sulfur pyrite, Inca stone), pyrite (fool's gold) | Solid | 0 | — | 2400 — 5015 |
| Pure platinum Platinum Pt | Solid | 0 | 21450 | — |
| Platinum ore, platinum ore | Solid | 0 | — | 2600 |
| Plutonium Pu | Solid | 0 | 19840 | — |
| Bearing metal, antifriction metal | Solid | 0 | 9130 -10600 | — |
| Polonium pure Polonium Po | Solid | 0 | 9300 | — |
| Porphyry in pieces, broken porphyry | Solid | 0 | — | 1650 |
| Solid porphyry | Solid | 0 | 2550 | — |
| Praseodymium pure | Solid | 0 | 6770 | — |
| Proactinium pure Protactinium Pa | Solid | 0 | 15400 | — |
| Cork in a piece | Solid | 20 | 240 | — |
| Promethium pure Promethium Pm | Solid | 0 | 7300 | — |
| Propane C3H8 | Gas | 0 | 2 | — |
| Liquefied propane, propane | Liquid | -40 | 585 | — |
| Propylene C3H6 | Gas | 0 | 1,92 | — |
| Propyl alcohol, alcohol, propyl | Liquid | 25 | 790 | — |
| Beeswax, Beeswax | Solid | 0 | 960 | — |
| Cracked wheat | Solid | 0 | — | 670 |
| Wheat | Solid | 0 | — | 770 |
| Radium pure | Solid | 0 | 5500 | — |
| Radon Rn | Gas | 0 | 9,73 | — |
| Oyster shells | Solid | 0 | — | 800 |
| Ground oyster shells | Solid | 0 | — | 850 |
| Rubber | Solid | 20 | See, respectively, section of the DPVA website | — |
| Rhenium pure Rhenium Re | Solid | 0 | 21040 | — |
| Unpeeled rice (unhusked), rough rice | Solid | 0 | — | 680 |
| Hulled rice | Solid | 0 | — | 750 |
| Rice grits | Solid | 0 | — | 690 |
| Pure rhodium Rhodium Rh | Solid | 0 | 12410 | — |
| Rye | Solid | 0 | 705 | — |
| Pure mercury Mercury Hg | Liquid | 0 | 13550 | — |
| Rubidium pure | Solid | 20 | 1630 | — |
| Pure ruthenium Ruthenium Ru | Solid | 0 | 12370 | — |
| Fish meal | Solid | 0 | — | 590 |
| Soot from chimneys, flue dust | Solid | 0 | — | 1450-2020 |
| Samarium pure Samarium Sm | Solid | 0 | 7520 | — |
| Brown sugar | Solid | 0 | — | 720 |
| Powdered sugar | Solid | 0 | — | 800 |
| Sugar beet pulp, dry | Solid | 0 | — | 210 |
| Sugar beet pulp, wet sugarbeet pulp | Solid | 0 | 560 | — |
| Sugar cane, sugarcane | Solid | 0 | — | 270 |
| Granulated sugar | Solid | 0 | — | 850 |
| Raw cane sugar | Solid | 0 | — | 960 |
| Beetroot, Beets | Solid | 0 | — | 720 |
| Pure lead Lead Pb | Solid | 0 | 11350 | — |
| Lead shine (galena), galena (lead ore) | Solid | 0 | 7400 — 7600 | — |
| Potassium nitrate, saltpeter | Solid | 0 | — | 1200 |
| Ground sodium nitrate, ground sodium nitrate | Solid | 0 | 2260 (!=>) | 1200 |
| Clover seeds | Solid | 0 | — | 770 |
| Lump sulfur, lump sulfur | Solid | 0 | — | 1310 |
| Sulfur powder, pulverized sulfur | Solid | 0 | — | 960 |
| Pure sulfur | Solid | 0 | 2070 | — |
| Silver | Solid | 20 | 10500 | — |
| Pure silver Silver Ag | Solid | 0 | 10500 | — |
| Sulfuric acid 95% conc., sulfuric acid 95% conc. | Liquid | 20 | 1840 | — |
| Sulfur hexafluoride SF6 | Gas | 20 | 6,5 | — |
| Sulfur dioxide SO2 | Gas | 0 | 2,93 | — |
| Silane dimethyl SiH2(CH3)2 | Gas | 0 | 2,73 | — |
| Silane methyl SiH3CH3 | Gas | 0 | 2,08 | — |
| Silane trifluoride SiHF3 | Gas | 0 | 3,89 | — |
| Silane chloride SiH3Cl | Gas | 0 | 3,03 | — |
| Scandium pure | Solid | 0 | 2990 | — |
| Solid oil shale | Solid | 0 | 2690 | — |
| Oil shale, broken slate shale | Solid | 0 | — | 1290-1450 |
| Oil shale, pulverized slate | Solid | 0 | — | 1360 |
| Butter | Solid | 0 | 865 | — |
| Mica in pieces, broken mica | Solid | 0 | — | 1600 |
| Mica powder - powder mica | Solid | 0 | — | 990 |
| Mica flakes - flake mica | Solid | 0 | — | 520 |
| Solid mica, solid mica | Solid | 0 | 2880 | — |
| Coniferous resin, turpentine | Solid | 0 | 865 | — |
| Freshly fallen snow | Solid | 0 | — | 160 |
| Packed snow (stay), compacted snow | Solid | 0 | — | 480 |
| Soda crystal | Solid | 20 | 1450 (!=>) | 800 |
| Whole soy beans | Solid | 0 | — | 750 |
| Malt, malt | Solid | 0 | — | 340 |
| Fine salt | Solid | 0 | — | 1200 |
| Table rock salt in pieces, broken halite | Solid | 0 | — | 1500 |
| Whole table rock salt, solid halite | Solid | 20 | 2350 (!=>) | — |
| Hydrochloric acid 40% aqueous solution, hydrochloric acid 40% | Liquid | 20 | 1200 | — |
| Amyl alcohol | Liquid | 20 | 810 | — |
| Butyl alcohol | Liquid | 20 | 810 | — |
| Hexyl alcohol | Liquid | 20 | 820 | — |
| Propyl alcohol | Liquid | 20 | 800 | — |
| Ethanol | Liquid | 20 | 790 | — |
| Steel | Solid | 20 | 7700-7900 | — |
| Window glass | Solid | 20 | 2500 | — |
| Organic glass | Solid | 20 | 1200 | — |
| Cullet, broken or cullet glass | Solid | 0 | 1290-1940 | — |
| Glass break (cullet), Cullet | Solid | 0 | — | 1600 |
| Stibine, hydrogen antimonide, SbH3 | Gas | 15 | 5,3 | — |
| Sewage (sewer) dry sludge, sewage sludge | Solid | 0 | — | 720 |
| Strontium pure | Solid | 0 | 2540 | — |
| Sulfuryl fluoride SO2F2 | Gas | 20 | 3,72 | — |
| Superphosphate, acid phosphate | Solid | 0 | — | 960 |
| Pure antimony, cast antimony | Solid | 0 | 6690 | — |
| Dried locust, dry locust | Solid | 0 | — | 705 |
| Tobacco | Solid | 0 | — | 320 |
| Taconite, taconite | Solid | 0 | — | 2800 |
| Thallium pure Thallium Tl | Solid | 0 | 11850 | — |
| Ground talc, broken talc | Solid | 0 | — | 1750 |
| Solid talc | Solid | 0 | 2690 | — |
| Pure tantalum Tantalum Ta | Solid | 0 | 16650 | — |
| Textolite | Solid | 20 | 1380 | — |
| Tellurium pure | Solid | 0 | 6240 | — |
| Tenkedzh (sludge tank of petroleum products storage tank), Tankage | Liquid | 20 | 960 | — |
| Pure terbium Terbium Tb | Solid | 0 | 8230 | — |
| Technetium pure Technetium Tc | Solid | 0 | 11500 | — |
| Titanium | Solid | 20 | 4500 | — |
| Titanium iron ore (ilmenite) solid, ilmenite | Solid | 0 | 2300 | — |
| Pure thorium Thorium Th | Solid | 0 | 11724 | — |
| Wet peat | — | 0 | — | 1120 |
| dry peat | Solid | 0 | — | 400 |
| Moist peat | Solid | 0 | — | 800 |
| Toulol, toluene | Liquid | 20 | 865 | — |
| Toulol, Toluene | Liquid | 25 | 860 | — |
| Trimethylamine(CH3)3N | Gas | 20 | 2,58 | — |
| Trimethylboron(CH3)3B | Gas | 0 | 2,52 | — |
| trifluoroacetic acid | Liquid | 20 | 1490 | — |
| Thulium pure Thulium Tm | Solid | 0 | 9320 | — |
| Tuff, sinter | Solid | 0 | — | 1600-2180 |
| Carbon dioxide = carbon dioxide CO2 | Gas | 0 | 1,98 | — |
| Carbon monoxide CO | Gas | 0 | 1,25 | — |
| Carbon sulfide COS | Gas | 0 | 2,72 | — |
| Lump bituminous coal, broken bituminous coal | Solid | 0 | — | 830 |
| Solid bituminous coal | Solid | 0 | 1350 | — |
| Dry anthracite lump coal | Solid bulk | 20 | 1350-1600(!=>) | 800-850 |
| Charcoal | Solid | 20 | 1450 (!=>) | 200 |
| Coal dust, culm | Solid | 0 | — | 750 |
| acetic acid (ethanoic acid; C2H4O2) Acetic Acid | Liquid | 25 | 1050 | — |
| Uranus | Solid | 20 | 19100 | — |
| Pure uranium Uranium U | Solid | 0 | 18950 | — |
| Faolite | Solid | 20 | — | 1730 |
| Porcelain, porcelain | Solid | 0 | 2403 | — |
| Beans, navy beans | Solid | 0 | — | 800 |
| phenol (carbolic acid) Carbolic acid | Liquid | 15 | 955 | — |
| Phosphorus pure | Solid | 0 | 1820 | — |
| Phosphorus fluoride PF3 | Gas | 20 | 3,91 | — |
| Phosphorus pentafluoride PF5 | Gas | 0 | 5,81 | — |
| Phosphorus oxyfluoride POF3 | Gas | 0 | 4,8 | — |
| Freon 11, Freon - 11 | Liquid | 21 | 1490 | — |
| Freon 21, Freon - 21 | Liquid | 21 | 1370 | — |
| Fluorine F2 | Gas | 0 | 1,7 | — |
| Cotton wool, cottonwood | Solid | 0 | — | 420 |
| Cotton seed, dry de-linted cottonseed | Solid | 0 | — | 560 |
| Chlorine Cl2 | Gas | 0 | 3,22 | — |
| Chlorine dioxide ClO2 | Gas | 20 | 3,09 | — |
| Chlorine oxide Cl2O | Gas | 20 | 3,89 | — |
| Chloroform CHCl3 | Liquid | 20 | 1490 | — |
| Pure chrome Chromium Cr | Solid | 0 | 7190 | — |
| Chromic acid flakes | Solid | 0 | — | 1200 |
| Chrome ore, chromium ore | Solid | 0 | — | 2160 |
| Cesium pure | Solid | 20 (! Boils at 28C) | 1900 | — |
| Portland cement | Solid | 0 | — | 1510 |
| Cement clinker | Solid | 0 | 1290-1540 | — |
| Cement mortar | Solid | 0 | 2160 | — |
| Pure cerium Cerium Ce | Solid | 0 | 6770 | — |
| Pure zinc Zinc Zn | Solid | 0 | 7130 | — |
| Zinc oxide powder | Solid | 0 | — | 400-450 |
| Whole siliceous zinc ore, hemimorphite (zinc ore) | Solid | 0 | 3395 — 3490 | — |
| Zinc spar (smithsonite); smithsonite (zinc ore) | Solid | 0 | 4300 | — |
| Pure zirconium | Solid | 20 | 6500 | — |
| Cast iron | Solid | 20 | 7000-7800 | — |
| Gray cast iron... | Solid | 20 | 7250 | — |
| Wool, hair, wool | Solid | 0 | — | 1310 |
| Furnace granulated slag | Solid | 0 | — | 960 |
| Crushed furnace slag, broken slag | Solid | 0 | — | 1760 |
| Solid furnace slag, solid slag | Solid | 0 | 2110 | — |
| Dry putty, Plaster | Solid | 0 | — | 850 |
| Putty, cement slurry | Solid | 0 | 1440 | — |
| Fluorspar (fluorite) in pieces, lumps fluorspar | Solid | 0 | — | 1600 |
| Fluorspar (fluorite) powder, pulverized fluorspar | Solid | 0 | — | 1440 |
| Fluorspar (fluorite) solid, solid fluorspar | Solid | 0 | 3200 | — |
| Feldspar powder, pulverized feldspar | Solid | 0 | — | 1230 |
| Solid feldspar, solid feldspar | Solid | 0 | 2560 | — |
| Fine crushed stone, Rip-Rap | Solid | 0 | — | 1600 |
| Ebonite | Solid | 20 | 1200 | — |
| Pure erbium Erbium Er | Solid | 0 | 9070 | — |
| Ethane C2H6 | Gas | 0 | 1,36 | — |
| Ethylene C2H4 | Gas | 0 | 1,26 | — |
| Ethyl alcohol alcohol, ethyl | Liquid | 25 | 785 | — |
| Ethyl ether | Liquid | 20 | 710 | — |
| Apples | Solid | 0 | — | — |
| Amber | Solid | 20 | 1100 | 650 |
| Barley, Barley | Solid | 0 | — | 610 |
Dolomite - physical and technical characteristics
- Average compression density: 2650 kg/m3
- Compressive strength limit (across/along the layering): - in a dry state (across/along the layering): 104.7/103.0 MPa (strong) - in a water-saturated state: 102.5/101.4 MPa (strong)
- Strength reduction coefficient when saturated with water: 0.86-0.93 MPa
- Water absorption: 0,0748 %
- Porosity: 1,70 %
- Abrasion: 0.45 g/cm2
- Thermal conductivity: 3.2 W/μ
- Frost resistance grade: 50 (frost-resistant)
- Impact resistance: 87.5 cm
- Radiation parameter (A eff ERN): 73.7 Bq/kg (class 1)
Go to directory: Dolomite
Do it yourself
If there is no measuring cylinder of sufficient volume in the field, the amount of displaced water can be determined as follows. In any cylindrical metal vessel, just below the top, a hole is punched in the wall with an ordinary nail, then a tube is inserted into it, which you can also make yourself by rolling up any film. Fix it in the cylinder wall with plasticine or any similar material.
Thus, a traveling volume meter is obtained. If this unit is used constantly, it makes sense to solder the tube into steel or brass.
Shungite - physical and technical characteristics
- Average density: 2.25-2.84 g/cm3;
- Compressive strength range: - dry: 150 MPa (strong); — in a water-saturated state: 100 MPa (durable);
- Water absorption: 0,4 — 0,5 %;
- Porosity: 0,5 — 5 %;
- Thermal conductivity: 3.8 - 5 W/m·k;
- Radiation parameter (A eff ERN): 190 Bq/kg (class 1);
- Compressive strength: 100–150 MPa ;
- Electrical conductivity – 1500 sim/m ;
- Developed internal surface – up to 20 m2/g ;
- Adsorption activity: - for phenol - 14 mg/g ; — for thermolysis resins – 20 mg/g ; — for petroleum products – more than 40 mg/g ;
It has sorption, catalytic, bactericidal properties, and biological activity.
Adsorption activity manifests itself in relation to pathogenic saprophytes, phages, bactericidal cells, etc. Go to directory: Shungite
Hydrostatic weighing method
This method is time consuming and comparatively cheaper.
Hydrostatic weighing method
First, a stone is hung on a thin wire from a hydrostatic balance and its weight is measured in air. Then the stone is immersed in water and its weight is measured again. After weighing, the water volume of the stone is determined by subtracting the weight of the stone in water from the weight of the stone in air. After determining the water volume of the stone, the density of the stone is calculated using the following formula P=M:V
- P is the density of the stone.
- M is the mass of the stone.
- V is the water volume of the stone which is determined by subtraction. V= suspended mass in air - suspended mass in water.
Lemesit - physical and technical characteristics
- Average compression density: 2630-2900 kg/m3
- Compressive strength limit: - in a dry state: 94 MPa (strong) - in a water-saturated state: 83 MPa (strong)
- Strength reduction coefficient when saturated with water: 0.87-0.94 MPa
- Water absorption: 0,07-0,95 %
- Porosity: 1,70 %
- Abrasion: 1.62 g/cm2
- Frost resistance grade: 25, 50 (frost-resistant)
- Radiation parameter (A eff ERN): 40-52 Bq/kg (class 1)
- Loss on ignition: 33.96-42.12
Mineralogical composition
- Calcite: 95-100%
- Quartz: from single grains to 5%
Chemical composition (oxide content)
- aluminum: 1.53-5.13
- iron oxide: 0.07-1.94
- iron oxide: 0.47-2.47
- potassium: 0.33-1.25
- calcium: 33.25-48.75
- silicon: 6.1-15.55
- manganese: 0.02-0.12
- sodium: 0.09-1.15
- sulfur: 0.01
- titanium: 0.15-0.26
- phosphorus: 0.02-0.03
Go to directory: Lemesit
Sandstone - physical and technical characteristics
- Average density: 2340-2530 kg/m3
- Limit of compressive strength: - in a dry state: 105 MPa (strong) - in a water-saturated state: 80 MPa (strong)
- Strength reduction coefficient when saturated with water: 0.7-0.8 MPa
- Water absorption: 0,69 — 2,7 %
- Porosity: 0,69 — 6,7 %
- Abrasion: 0.6 - 1.2 g/cm2
- Frost resistance grade: 50 (frost-resistant)
- Radiation parameter (A eff ERN): 138 Bq/kg (class 1)
- With prolonged exposure to sunlight, sandstones tend to fade.
- Absorbs oil, liquids, acids, is sensitive to scratches (if used in a particularly exposed place in the interior, appropriate stone care products must be used to protect the surface).
Go to catalog: Sandstone
Porosity and water absorption of stone
With an increase in overall porosity, the strength and volume of the stone decreases, its polishability deteriorates, but the weight of the product decreases and its ability to be processed improves. According to the value of total porosity (P), natural stones can be divided into stones with low (P < 5%), medium (5% > P > 20%), high (20% < P < 40%) porosity. Another important property of rocks associated with porosity is the water absorption rate. The acid and salt resistance of the stone, as well as its frost resistance, depend on it and on the mineral composition of the material. With high water absorption and low porosity, cracks form in the material under this pressure. With high porosity of the stone, the crystallization pressure is distributed evenly and new cracks do not form (a striking example is limestone).
Slate - physical and technical characteristics
Volumetric mass: 1200-1400 kg/m3
Limit of compressive strength: - in a dry state: 272 MPa (strong) - in a water-saturated state: 177 MPa (strong) after 50 freezing cycles: 153 MPa (strong) Strength reduction coefficient when saturated with water: 0.65 MPa Water absorption: 0. 1 - 0.3% Abrasion: 0.73 g/cm2 Thermal conductivity: 2.3 W/mk Frost resistance grade: 100 (frost-resistant) Radiation parameter (A eff ERN): 261.7 Bq/kg (class 1)
Go to catalog: Slate
Thermal conductivity, heat capacity and thermal diffusivity of primary sediments and rocks
The table shows the values of the thermal conductivity coefficient, specific heat capacity and thermal diffusivity coefficient of primary sediments and rocks at room temperature.
Properties are given for the following sediments and rocks : sediments and sedimentary, metamorphic rocks and ores formed from them: breccia, conglomerate, dry gravel, sandy silt, dry sand, wet sand, oil-saturated, quartzite, silty-clayey silt, siltstone, clayey silt, clay dry, wet, mudstone, clayey shale, phyllite, slate, tripolite (diatomite, diatomite tripolite), globigerine silt, chalk, limestone, marble, dolomite, marl, gypsum, anhydrite, pure rock salt, sylvinite, martite and magnetite ore, martite jespelite-like, magnetite-martite hornfels, martite, peat, coal, graphite.
Igneous and metamorphic rocks and ores formed from them: dunite, peridotite, pyrixinite, serpintinite, gabbro, diorite, syenite, granite, basalt, andesite, trachyte, obsidian, pumice, diabase, porphyrite, quartz porphyry, pegmatite, tuff, lava, slate , crystalline schist, gneiss, amphibolite, eclogite, hornfels, skarn, charnockite, ore: sulfur pyrite, copper, dense phenocryst, pyrite to quartz, staffelite-magnetite, apatite-forsterite-magnetite, magnetite.
Porphyrite - physical and technical characteristics
- Density: 2.52 g/m3
- Compressive strength: 250 - 350 MPa (strong)
- Water absorption: 0,05 %
- Abrasion: 1.1 g/cm2
- Radioactivity, up to: 60 Bq/kg
- Specific Heat Capacity: 0.83 kJ/(kg*°C)
- Melting point: 1230 °C
- The texture is massive and homogeneous.
- Specific gravity 1.45-2.5 g/cm3
- The structure is porphyritic with a fine-grained groundmass.
- The color is dark gray, greenish or bluish.
